Overview
The book is a step-by-step explanation of packaging design, materials, and manufacturing applicable to a wide range of industries It demonstrates how packages are engineered, produced, and eventually recycled Special attention is given to the details of machinery and processing, as well as advanced materials The fourth edition has been systematically updated
And now offers the technical foundations for emerging trends such as sustainable packaging technologies Also, in the fourth edition is new material on statistical process control for operations and quality control methods, as well as a checklist-based guide to package development and regulations To reinforce understanding and skills, review questions and problems are added at the end of every chapter.
Table of Contents
Packaging fundamentals - Packaging and society - Introduction: packaging from a historical perspective - Social developments: the changing patterns of consumption and their impact on packaging - Business developments: the effects of globalisation and modern retailing - The different levels of packaging: primary, secondary and tertiary - Packaging materials usage and development - The environmental perspective: responsible use of resources
The packaging supply chain - Introduction - Development, structure and inter-dependence of the segments of the global packaging supply chain - Packaging as a means of delivering cost effective solutions - Challenges of the supply chain - The importance of training - Sources of further information and advice – Bibliography
Packaging functions - Introduction - Containment - Protection - Preservation - Using packaging to provide convenience - Packaging as the source of product information - Packaging to sell the product - Conclusion - Sources of further information and advice – References
Packaging legislation - Introduction - Legislation relevant to packaging - Legislation relating to product quality and safety during manufacture, distribution, storage and use - Legislation concerning honesty in trade - Legislation concerning protection of the environment - Legal considerations in international trading - Sources of further information - The role of trade associations - What is legally required and what is good practice? - Methods of enabling consistency of compliance - The consequences of failure to comply with legislation - Sources of further information and advice – Disclaimer
Packaging and environmental sustainability - Introduction: why bother? - Key definitions - Waste - Compliance with the law - Packaging re-use and recovery - Environmentally responsible packaging - Compliance with voluntary agreements - Climate disruption - Sources of further information and advice
Packaging and marketing - Introduction - Defining marketing - The role of marketing - Branding and the impact of packaging on product promotion and advertising - Branding and the marketing mix - Promoting the brand - The importance of consistency of communication - Use of market research tools and techniques to identify customer needs - Sources of further information and advice
Packaging materials and components - Glass packaging - Introduction - Advantages and disadvantages of glass as a packaging material - Glass manufacture - Forming glass containers - Annealing - Surface coating - Inspection - Tolerances - Container design - Decoration and labelling of glass containers - Other glass-making processes - Sources of further information and advice
Rigid metal packaging - Introduction to metal packaging - Raw materials - Manufacture of rigid metal containers - Metal closures - Cost/performance comparison: raw materials and forming processes - Container specifications - Decorating processes - Environmental overview - References and further reading
Aluminium foil packaging - Introduction - Aluminium processing - Refining - Smelting - Production of aluminium foil - Foil finishes, coatings and lacquers - Printing and embossing - Using aluminium foil as a laminate - Aluminium metallised films - Conclusion - Acknowledgements - Sources of further information and advice
Paper and paperboard packaging - Introduction - Properties of paper and paperboard - Raw materials - The pulping process - Post-pulping treatment of fibres to improve performance - The manufacture of paper and paperboard - Conversion processes for paper (gsm) - Sources of further information and advice
Corrugated board packaging - Introduction - Materials for corrugated board - Manufacturing processes for corrugated board - Different types of corrugated board container design - Decoration and printing of corrugated board containers - Special board treatments - Testing corrugated board materials and containers - Sources of further information and advice
Basics of polymer chemistry for packaging materials - Introduction - The basic principles of polymerisation - Addition (chain growth or coordination) polymerisation of polymers - Condensation (step) polymerisation - Copolymerisation and crosslinking polymerisation - Factors affecting the characteristics of polymers - Sources of further information and advice
Plastics properties for packaging materials - Introduction - Market overview - Key properties for packaging applications - The common packaging plastics - Specialist polymers used in packaging - Bio-based polymers - Conclusion - Sources of further information and advice
Plastics manufacturing processes for packaging materials - Introduction - The plasticising extruder - Sheet and film extrusion - Film treatments after forming - Thermoforming process for making plastic packaging - Injection moulding - Multi-injection moulding - Comparing injection moulding and thermoforming - Blow moulding - Environmental considerations in plastic packaging - Sources of further information and advice
Packaging closures - Introduction: the role of packaging closures - Types of packaging closure - Push-fit closures - Screw-threaded closures - Lug closures - Crimped crown cork closures - Peekable seal lids - Tamper evidence - Child-resistance - Dispensing and metering closures - Testing closure performance - Bibliography and sources of further information
Adhesives for packaging - MHA Marketing Communications, UK - Introduction - Adhesives in packaging - Theories of adhesion - Adhesive types - Selecting the right adhesive - Adhesive application methods - Evaluating adhesive performance - Troubleshooting adhesive problems - Common adhesive terminology - Sources of further information and advice
Labels for packaging - Introduction - Trends in label types - Self-adhesive (pressure sensitive) labels - How a label manufacturer approaches a job - Wet glue (gummed labels) - In-mould labels - Sleeves - The choice of printing process - Label specifications - What can go wrong? - The label market - The digital revolution - Conclusion and future trends - Sources of further information and advice - Part III Packaging processes
Packaging design and development - Introduction - Research - Conceptual design - Case study: yoghurt for children - Conclusion - Sources of further information and advice – References
Printing for packaging - Introduction - Light and colour - The description of colour - Additive and subtractive colour mixing - Other factors affecting colour - Colour printing - Graphic design, reprographics and pre-press - Proofing options and approval processes - Technological aspects of printing processes - Other processing techniques - Quality control in packaging - References
Packaging machinery and line operations - Introduction - The packaging line - Unscramblers - Fillers and filling - Closing and sealing of containers - Labelling - Car toning - Form, fill and seal (FFS) packaging operations - Direct product shrink-wrapping and stretch-wrapping - Modified atmosphere packaging - Miscellaneous wrappers - Coding systems - End-of-line equipment - Quality and efficiency aspects of packaging operations - Problem-solving on the packaging line - Sources of further information and advice
Hazard and risk management in packaging - Introduction - Packaging life-cycles in the supply chain - Prerequisite systems and controls - Hazard identification and risk assessment - Industry technical standards – References
Review from Venkadesh Narayanan, Principal Consultant, Fhyzics
